Lu purchased a pickup truck and paid $700 to have a front bumper specially installed to withstand the impact when he drove the vehicle into Bustamante's Acura. "I have to get a strong frame; otherwise, if I hit another car, my car's broken," Lu explained at his trial. "So my car hit the car and ... my car run away."
Lu stalked Bustamante to his home in the months before the attack. He claims he chose a predawn hour for the assault on the Acura so as to avoid being seen or harming any other cars or pedestrians. The night-vision goggles and flashlights were to be used to identify the correct car to ram in the darkness, and the change of clothes to avoid being recognized once he fled the scene of the crime.
Courtesy of the Law Offices of Eric M. Safire
Lu says he snapped this photo of his supervisor, Alfredo Bustamante, sleeping in his car while on the job. Lu claims he was fired as retaliation.
Courtesy of the Law Offices of Eric M. Safire
Bustamante’s Acura was damaged
when Lu drove a pickup truck into the parked vehicle, pinning Bustamante against the car.
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Lu had resorted to desperate measures. And desperation is familiar to those in his line of work.
Several years ago, Emil Chiaberi, a filmmaker and businessman based in Southern California, became curious about the origins of the "going postal" phenomenon. Chiaberi set out to document what it is about the U.S. Postal Service — as opposed to the many other stressful workplaces in which Americans toil every day — that seems to push workers to spectacular acts of violence. The result was a documentary that is being screened this month: Murder by Proxy: How America Went Postal.
In the course of interviewing subjects for the film, Chiaberi says it gradually dawned on him that startlingly violent thoughts are harbored by many postal employees, even if only a few unhappy souls act on them. One postal worker, a mother of five, explained on camera to Chiaberi that she had concocted a plan, never carried out, to burn her managers alive using a Molotov cocktail.
Even more surprising were the reactions of survivors of previous post office rampages. "When I went to Royal Oak and I interviewed workers who were present at the shooting, they either confessed to fantasizing about [committing] the shooting, or they said, 'We didn't know who it was, because it could have been anyone,'" Chiaberi recalls. "I had a guy who was shot by Thomas McIlvane. He walked up to me and he said, 'You know, it's going to be weird for you to hear this, but I don't blame the guy at all.'"
Chiaberi adds, "These sorts of sentiments have more in common with rebellions than typical crimes. [The victims] kind of get it. They understand it."
What are the workers rebelling against? The job of a USPS letter carrier is not complicated. A few hours early in a typical postal employee's shift are spent sorting mail in preparation for delivery. The letter carrier then walks or drives a mail route assigned by a supervisor. (In cities, the deliveries are usually done on foot.) The assignments are determined to some extent by seniority, with veteran workers getting the less arduous routes. Delivery is ideally accomplished in four to six hours. Federal regulations ensure that no worker carries more than 35 pounds of mail at a time.
"It's a good job," Beaumont says. "It has pretty good pay and benefits for a job that doesn't require any qualifications, really."
Yet the idyllic vision outsiders might hold of the neighborhood postman delivering mail at his ease doesn't match the realities of the work, others say. While it might not be back-breakingly difficult, a postal employee's day hews to a rigid, mindless, and fast-paced schedule. Even minor deviations can bring a manager's rebuke. Workers function as automatons, with no room to improvise or think creatively about how to do their jobs.
"It's just the stress level of the work. It's not hard work," says Ramirez. "You're given so much to do every day, and so much time to do it, and nine times out of 10 you have more work than time. You're always behind." He adds, "You can't use your own brain to do a good job. They have a way of doing it. It doesn't matter if it's stupid or not — they want it done that way. If you could think for yourself, you could make it a lot more tolerable for yourself."
The Postal Reorganization Act of 1971 transformed the post office from a government agency supported by tax dollars to an independent federal entity, needing its own sources of revenue. Since then, technological change and competition from private delivery services have accelerated a decline in the money that mail delivery generates. The Internet has usurped much of the communication that was once carried out through first-class mail. The result, employees say, has been a cultural shift throughout the agency: Each workday is defined by managers' obsession with squeezing more work out of fewer workers, in part to pull down bonuses for supervisors whose stations meet or exceed objectives for the quantity and speed of mail delivery.
Tension between workers and bosses is aggravated by the near-military culture that has defined the post office hierarchy since it was created two centuries ago. Mail carriers must follow direct orders from their supervisors, leading to what some say are arbitrary abuses by bosses.